Which of the following best describes the concept of "propaganda" as discussed by Bernays?

The concept of "propaganda" as discussed by Edward Bernays is best described as emotionally charged information designed to sway public opinion. Bernays, often referred to as the father of public relations, emphasized the power of emotions and psychological triggers in communication. He believed that effective communication should not only inform but also persuade and influence the audience's feelings and opinions. This aligns with the idea that propaganda is not merely factual information; it is strategically crafted to elicit certain responses and drive specific actions among the public.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of Bernays’ understanding of propaganda. Information lacking emotional appeal does not manipulate or engage the audience effectively. Neutral information free of manipulation suggests an unbiased approach that does not aim to influence opinion, which is contrary to the persuasive intent of propaganda. Finally, the notion that propaganda refers only to government-sponsored communication is too narrow—a wide range of organizations, including corporations and advocacy groups, utilize propaganda techniques to shape public perception and achieve their objectives.