What term describes journalists in the late 19th century who exposed corruption and social injustices?

Muckrakers is the term that describes journalists in the late 19th century who focused on uncovering corruption, social injustices, and the darker side of society. This moniker originated from President Theodore Roosevelt, who used the term to describe reporters who "raked up" the muck of societal issues, much like a farmer rakes up dirt.

Muckrakers played a crucial role in the Progressive Era, often writing in-depth articles and series that brought critical attention to issues such as labor exploitation, political corruption, and unsafe practices in food and drug industries. Their work spurred public awareness and often led to significant reforms and changes in policies.

Investigative reporters can be seen as a more modern iteration of muckrakers, but the specific historical context of the late 19th century and their impactful role during the Progressive Era is what sets muckrakers apart as the correct term. Commentators and publicists do not align with the investigative and reformative approach taken by muckrakers, as they focus more on opinion and promotion rather than uncovering hidden truths.